Unit 6 - Section 4: Comparing Conditionals
Comparing conditionals: たら・と・ば・なら
Japanese has four common “if / when” shapes. They overlap, but each has a home use. Pick the one that matches the relationship between A and B, not a single English “if”.
Quick map
| Form | Best for | Avoid for |
|---|---|---|
| たら | Sequence, one-time events, spoken plans | — |
| と | Habits, automatic results, instructions | Invitations and new decisions |
| ば | Logical “if”, advice, writing | “When I arrive, then…” in casual talk |
| なら | Given what you just said; topics and advice | Natural laws (use と) |
Same English, different Japanese
大阪に着いたら、連絡します。
When I get to Osaka, I’ll get in touch. (たら: after A happens)
右に曲がると、駅があります。
If you turn right, there is a station. (と: fixed result)
安ければ、二つ買います。
If it’s cheap, I’ll buy two. (ば: condition)
大阪に行くなら、お好み焼きを食べてください。
If it’s Osaka you’re going to, eat okonomiyaki. (なら: given that topic)
なら often answers something just said: 「大阪に行きます。」「なら、これを持っていって。」