Unit 6 - Section 1: i-adjectives
i-Adjectives (い形容詞)
i-adjectives are one of two main types of adjectives in Japanese. They always end with the hiragana "い" and conjugate like verbs.
Identifying i-Adjectives
Rule: i-adjectives ALWAYS end with い (i)
Examples:
- 大きい (ookii) - big
- 小さい (chiisai) - small
- 高い (takai) - expensive/tall
- 安い (yasui) - cheap
Common i-Adjectives
Size & Physical Properties:
大きい
ookii - big, large
小さい
chiisai - small
長い
nagai - long
短い
mijikai - short
高い
takai - tall, high, expensive
低い
hikui - low, short (height)
Quality & Condition:
新しい
atarashii - new
古い
furui - old
良い / いい
yoi / ii - good
悪い
warui - bad
Feelings & States:
嬉しい
ureshii - happy, glad
楽しい
tanoshii - fun, enjoyable
悲しい
kanashii - sad
寂しい
sabishii - lonely
Temperature & Taste:
暑い
atsui - hot (weather)
熱い
atsui - hot (objects)
寒い
samui - cold (weather)
冷たい
tsumetai - cold (to touch)
甘い
amai - sweet
辛い
karai - spicy, salty
i-Adjective Conjugation
Present Tense:
| Form | Structure | Example (大きい - big) |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | 〜い + です | 大きいです (It is big) |
| Negative | 〜く + ない + です | 大きくないです (It is not big) |
Past Tense:
| Form | Structure | Example (大きい - big) |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | 〜かった + です | 大きかったです (It was big) |
| Negative | 〜く + なかった + です | 大きくなかったです (It was not big) |
Example Sentences
この部屋は広いです。
[Kono heya wa hiroi desu]
Translation: This room is spacious.
日本の夏は暑いです。
[Nihon no natsu wa atsui desu]
Translation: Summer in Japan is hot.
この映画は面白くないです。
[Kono eiga wa omoshirokunai desu]
Translation: This movie is not interesting.
昨日は寒かったです。
[Kinou wa samukatta desu]
Translation: Yesterday was cold.
Special Case: いい (good)
The adjective いい (good) is irregular:
- Present: いいです (ii desu)
- Negative: よくないです (yoku nai desu) - NOT "いくない"
- Past: よかったです (yokatta desu) - NOT "いかった"
- Past Negative: よくなかったです (yoku nakatta desu)
Study Tips
- Remember い: All i-adjectives end with い in their dictionary form
- Conjugation key: Remove い and add the appropriate ending (〜くない, 〜かった, etc.)
- Practice pairs: Learn opposite adjectives together (大きい/小さい, 暑い/寒い)
- Exception: Don't forget いい conjugates as よい
- Real usage: Try describing things around you using i-adjectives
Course Navigation
Study Tips
- Read each example carefully
- Practice pronunciation aloud
- Create your own sentences to reinforce memory
- Finish the section quiz