Unit 5 - Section 1: Comparative Patterns
Comparison: More, Less, Most, Least
Learn to make comparisons in Japanese. Express which things are bigger, smaller, better, or worse than others.
Comparative Form
Pattern: [Thing A] は [Thing B] より [adjective] です
より (yori) = than
象は猫より大きいです。
[Zou wa neko yori ookii desu]
Translation: An elephant is bigger than a cat.
東京は大阪より人口が多いです。
[Tokyo wa Osaka yori jinkou ga ooi desu]
Translation: Tokyo has a larger population than Osaka.
Superlative Form (Most/Least)
Pattern: [Group] の中で [Thing] が一番 [adjective] です
一番 (ichiban) = the most / number one
五大陸の中で、アジアが一番大きいです。
[Gotairiku no naka de, Asia ga ichiban ookii desu]
Translation: Among the five continents, Asia is the biggest.
Comparison with Quantity
Pattern: [Thing A] は [Thing B] より [Number] 多い/少ない
この図書館は、その図書館より100冊多い本がある。
[Kono toshokan wa, sono toshokan yori 100-satsu ooi hon ga aru]
Translation: This library has 100 more books than that library.
Comparative Patterns Summary
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Comparative | A は B より [adj] | りんごはみかんより高い |
| Superlative | ...の中で...が一番 [adj] | 家族の中で私が一番背が高い |
| Equal | A は B と同じぐらい [adj] | 兄は弟と同じぐらい背が高い |
| Different | A は B と違う / 異なる | 意見が違う |
Example Sentences
春より秋の方が好きです。
[Haru yori aki no hou ga sukidesu]
Translation: I like fall more than spring.
兄は弟より背が高いです。
[Ani wa otōto yori se ga takai desu]
Translation: My older brother is taller than my younger brother.
この店の料理は、あの店の料理より美味いです。
[Kono mise no ryouri wa, ano mise no ryouri yori oishii desu]
Translation: The food at this restaurant is more delicious than at that restaurant.
Study Tips
Master Comparisons:
- Particle より: Always use より after the comparison target
- Superlative 一番: Means "number one" or "the most"
- Alternative の方が: "...is more [adj]" (emphasizes the comparison)
- Common pattern: A は B より [i-adjective] or [na-adjective] です
- Practice: Compare common objects and people around you
Course Navigation
Study Tips
- Read each example carefully
- Practice pronunciation aloud
- Create your own sentences to reinforce memory
- Finish the section quiz