Unit 5 - Section 2: Verb ます Form
Verb ます Form (Polite Present/Future)
The ます-form is the polite present tense and is essential for everyday polite conversation. It's used for current actions and future plans.
ます-form Conjugation
Group 1 (Ichidan verbs):
Remove る and add ます
- 食べる → 食べます (taberu → tabemasu) "eat (polite)"
- 見る → 見ます (miru → mimasu) "see (polite)"
- 起きる → 起きます (okiru → okimasu) "wake up (polite)"
Group 2 (Godan verbs):
Change the final -u sound to -i sound + ます
| Ending | Change to | Example |
|---|---|---|
| う | → います | 買う → 買います (kau → kaimasu) |
| く | → きます | 書く → 書きます (kaku → kakimasu) |
| ぐ | → ぎます | 泳ぐ → 泳ぎます (oyogu → oyogimasu) |
| す | → します | 話す → 話します (hanasu → hanashimasu) |
| つ | → ちます | 待つ → 待ちます (matsu → machimasu) |
| ぬ | → にます | 死ぬ → 死にます (shinu → shinimasu) |
| ぶ | → びます | 飲む → 飲みます (nomu → nomimasu) |
| む | → みます | 読む → 読みます (yomu → yomimasu) |
| る | → ります | 取る → 取ります (toru → torimasu) |
Group 3 (Irregular verbs):
- する → します (suru → shimasu) "do (polite)"
- 来る → 来ます (kuru → kimasu) "come (polite)"
Uses of ます-form
1. Present Habitual / General Truth
毎日学校に行きます。
[Mainichi gakkou ni ikimasu]
Translation: I go to school every day.
2. Future Intention
明日映画を見ます。
[Ashita eiga wo mimasu]
Translation: I will watch a movie tomorrow.
3. Polite Present Action
今、朝食を食べます。
[Ima, choshoku wo tabemasu]
Translation: I'm eating breakfast now.
Common Verbs in ます-form
行く → 行きます
to go (iku → ikimasu)
来る → 来ます
to come (kuru → kimasu)
食べる → 食べます
to eat (taberu → tabemasu)
飲む → 飲みます
to drink (nomu → nomimasu)
読む → 読みます
to read (yomu → yomimasu)
買う → 買います
to buy (kau → kaimasu)
書く → 書きます
to write (kaku → kakimasu)
見る → 見ます
to see/watch (miru → mimasu)
話す → 話します
to speak (hanasu → hanashimasu)
聞く → 聞きます
to listen/ask (kiku → kikimasu)
する → します
to do (suru → shimasu)
勉強する → 勉強します
to study (benkyou suru → benkyou shimasu)
Study Tips
Master ます-form:
- Same pattern as te-form: The a-column + ます is similar to te-form conjugation
- Polite register: Always use ます-form with people you're not close to
- Practice: Take 10 verbs and conjugate them to ます-form
- Speaking practice: Describe your daily routine using ます-form
- Future plans: Practice talking about what you will do tomorrow, next week, etc.
Course Navigation
Study Tips
- Read each example carefully
- Practice pronunciation aloud
- Create your own sentences to reinforce memory
- Finish the section quiz