Unit 3 - Section 2: 〜に対して

Practice Quiz

Reported Speech and Intention

Learn to report what others said and express intentions and plans in formal contexts.

～と言う (He/She Said That)

Pattern: [Direct speech] + と言う

Report exactly what someone said

  • 先生は「勉強べんきょうしてください」と言いました。 - "The teacher said 'Please study.'"
  • 彼は「明日あした来ます」と言った。 - "He said 'I'll come tomorrow.'"

Indirect Speech Pattern

Pattern: [Statement] + と思う / ～ということだ

Reported speech (not direct quotes)

  • 彼は今日来ると思います。 - "I think he will come today."
  • それは重要なことだということです。 - "It is said that it's an important thing."

～つもり / ～はずだ (Plans and Expectations)

～つもり (Intention/Plan):
  • 明日早はやく起きるつもりです。 - "I plan to wake up early tomorrow."
～はずだ (Expectation/Should be):
  • この時間じかんに到着ちゃくするはずです。 - "It should arrive by this time."

Speech Reporting Patterns

Pattern Function Example
～と言う Direct reported speech 「来ます」と言った
～と思う Opinion/expectation 来ると思う
～つもり Intention/plan 来るつもり
～はずだ Should/expected to 来るはずだ

Study Tips

Master Speech Reporting:
  • Direct vs indirect: Understand the difference between direct quotes and paraphrasing
  • Common in narratives: Essential for storytelling and explanations
  • Tone differences: Each pattern conveys different nuances
  • Frequent use: Practice in everyday communication scenarios
Course Navigation
Study Tips
  • Read each example carefully
  • Practice pronunciation aloud
  • Create your own sentences to reinforce memory
  • Finish the section quiz